The method used to catch a runner varies according to local customs. It is common for a player to be caught by the bulldog(s) either by holding the non-bulldog off the ground or by attacking the non-bulldog and holding it still while the bulldog shouts a phrase (such as “British Bulldog; One, two, three! ” or simply “British Bulldog! »). If the non-bulldog player can escape before the sentence is finished, or if he can continue to move (if it is necessary to be kept still), he is not considered trapped. This form of play is sometimes referred to as “taking down the bulldog” or “taking down the bulldog.” Another more violent variant is to force the non-bulldog to surrender, usually by rugby attacks, by forcing him to the ground, holding him or causing him pain until he can no longer bear it and give up (verbally or by gesture); Sometimes the fingers of the non-bulldog have to be forced to make a gesture of abandonment. The rush (also known as “Bullrush”, “Open Gates” or “Stampede”) can be triggered by the bulldog or individual, named player shouting a phrase such as “bulldog” or “bullrush”, or it can occur when the named player is trapped or safe in the other region of origin. In most versions of the game, there is no named player and each non-bulldog can choose when to try a race to the other area of origin, with the turn ending only when all non-bulldogs are either safe in the opposite area or caught. The bulldog(s) can usually catch any number of players in a single rush, all of whom become bulldogs. However, in other versions, only the first player caught in each turn becomes a bulldog, catching other players is just for fun and has no strategic advantage. Similar to the German game Black Man, runners start with Pom-Pom-Pull-Away in one of the reception areas, but by default with the catcher, who is in the middle of the playground. [104] There is no named player and the rush begins when the receiver utters the phrase “Pom-Pom-Pull-Away; Come or I`ll take you! [114] Players are usually caught touching their back or shoulder while running, although the rules may vary depending on the regional variant. All those caught in flight help the receiver to mark the others. The first player to be caught starts as a catcher in the next game. In December 1942, the Burnley Express in Lancashire reported a modified form of the game that included the rules of rugby.
[17] Further details emerged in 1949, when the rule of lifting a person was gradually shifted in favor of football. [18] Most often, one or two players are selected as “bulldogs”, although this number may be higher in large spaces. Bulldogs stand in the middle of the playing field. All remaining players are at one end of the field (at home). The goal of the game is to run from one end of the playground to the other without being caught by bulldogs. [3] When players are caught, they themselves become bulldogs. The last player is the winner and starts the next game as a bulldog. [29] [30] Alternatively, runners also become bulldogs when they cross a limit corresponding to a contact line. This can be a valid capture method for a bulldog to force a runner across the border. If runners manage to enter the opponent`s home zone without being caught, they are considered “safe”. The bulldog(s) can usually catch any number of players in a single rush, all of whom become bulldogs. Although the game British Bulldog is a conglomerate of different sources and pre-existing rules,[3] the origin of the name is not entirely clear.
In his book The Nation`s Favourite, Guardian author Mathew Clayton (Glastonbury Free University) clarified that, unlike other games, British Bulldog only appeared in the 1930s. [7] According to Cambridge District Scouts, the game has since been played under this name at several British Scout meetings. [8] In the 20th century, the game turned into a team game with chain-breaking rules, a German game described in 1862 in the educational manual Merkbüchlein für Turner by Eduard Angerstein. In 1949, Warren E. Roberts of the Indiana University Folklore Institute attempted to describe the peculiarities of the traditional Red Rover and the team game of the same name.[115] [116] In the latter, a group of players split into two consecutive teams on each side of the field. The teams face each other at a distance of about 15 to 20 meters. Then the players of each team shake hands. A team chooses a player it wants to meet. The selected player runs towards the opposing team and tries to break the human chain. If successful, he can select one of the defeated team members and bring him to his own group. If he can`t break the chain, he becomes a member of the opposing team. [117] It is played by children at school mainly in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa, Australia, the United States (such as sharks and minnows), New Zealand (such as Bullrush or Kingasini), Canada, and other Commonwealth countries.
Variants of the game were recorded from the nineteenth century. He is originally from the United Kingdom. The game is characterized by its physical appearance and is often considered violent, which led to its ban in many schools in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s due to injuries to participants, although this trend is now reversed. Many 21st century British schools still don`t allow kids to play it, but some schools allow kids to play as long as it`s non-contact (i.e. instead of bulldogs tying a person to the ground to catch them, they simply tap on them as they would in a tag game). Many names are shared between the recorded variants of the British Bulldog. Each game of bulldogs consists of a sequence of turns, and it is common to play a series of games one after the other with different bulldogs each time. The game starts with a single player (or sometimes two or more players) as a “bulldog” or “wrestler” between the original territories and the other players together in one of the origin areas.
The goal for non-bulldog players is to run from one area to another while avoiding the bulldog(s) in the middle. Typically, a player is caught either being lifted off the ground by the bulldog or tackled and held still while the bulldog shouts a phrase (e.g., “British Bulldog!” or “British Bulldog; One, two, three! »). If the runner can escape before the sentence is over, or if he can continue to move (if it is necessary to stay still), he is not considered trapped. [3] [30] A simpler alternative is for the bulldog(s) to simply touch the head or back of the non-bulldog(s) and shout the appropriate sentence. Each turn is usually initiated by the singing and sting of bulldogs, often with one player being the first to try to run from one area to another. In some versions, all non-bulldogs rush at the same time, in others, this rush is triggered, either by the bulldog(s) or by the named player. Once players have left the original area, bulldogs can try to “catch” them. Captured players also become bulldogs. British Bulldog / British Bulldogs (also: Running Red Rovers, Red Rovers, Rovers, Jailbreak, Octopus, Algae, Bulllies, Bullrush, Russian Bulldog, Bulldogs Charge or simply Bulldogs) is a tag-based game from which Red Rover is a descendant. The goal of the game for the Bulldogs is to catch all players as quickly as possible, while the goal for other players is to stay uncaught as long as possible. The last player to be caught is usually considered the winner.
[3] Bullrush, also called Kingasini in Auckland,[118][119] a cacograph of King O`Seenie aka King Senio,[120] is often played in New Zealand and combines rules similar to the games of Red Rover and British Bulldog.
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